Jawaharlal Nehru was born on
November.14.1889 at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
He was educated at Harrow Public
School, Cambridge and London. He received his Bar at Law from Inner Temple Inn,
London.
He enrolled as an Advocate and
practised at Allahabad High Court (1912 - 1917). He however gave up his
lucrative legal practice and joined Independence Movement.
He was associated with Home Rule
Movement under the leadership Annie Besant and later Independence Movement
under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi (1917 – 1947)
He was Vice President and Member of
External Affairs of Viceroy Executive Council (1946 – 1947) and later the First
Prime Minister of India (1947 – 1964).
He died on May.27.1964 while in
office at New Delhi. He was cremated at Shanti Vana on the banks of River Yamuna.
Independence
Activist
He joined the Independence movement
under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and actively participated in the Civil
Disobedience Movement, Non Violence Movement, Salt Satyagraha and Quit India
Movement.
He was placed under house arrest
and imprisonment nine times by the British Government during which time he
devoted his time to pen literary masterpieces.
He was elected General Secretary
(1923) and President of Indian National Congress (1931, 1946, 1951 – 1954).
He led the Karachi Session where
the declaration for Complete Independence or Poorna Swaraj was proclaimed.
Prime Minister of
India
A socialist He served as the
first and the longest Prime Minister of India and concurrently Minister of
External Affairs. (1947 – 1964).
National
GeoPolitical – Reorganization of
Indian States, Accession of Pondicherry and Goa.
Development – National Planning Commission
was established for planning and nation building which successfully implemented
the First, Second and Third Five Year Plans.
Agriculture – Major Irrigation dams
at Bhakra Nangal Dam, Hirakud Dam , Fertilizers plants at Sindri and Pimpri.
Industries – Public Sector Units
in Iron & Steel at Bokaro,Durgapur, Bhilai and Rourkela, Chemicals,
Fertilizers, Coal, Oil & Refineries Power and Heavy Industries rightly described
by him as ‘Temples of Modern India’
Education – All India Institute
of Medical Sciences, Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of
Management.
Science and Technology – National
Research Laboratories, Atomic Energy Commission and Space Research Commission.
Arts and Culture – National Academy
of Letters, Arts, Music and Dance.
International
He as the first Minister of
External Affairs shaped the foreign policy of India based on the principles of peaceful
and mutual coexistence.
He organized socio political conferences
and meetings which helped in the attainment of independence of several Afro
Asian Nations.
He along with Joseph Broz Tito of
Yugoslavia and Abdul Gemal Nasser of Egypt founded the Non Aligned Movement
based on his Panch Sheel Principles in 1956.
He campaigned for Global Peace,
Non violence, Development and Disarmament at United Nations General Assembly,
Commonwealth Movement & Non Aligned Movement.
Awards
The Government of India conferred
on him the Bharat Ratna in 1955.
Doctorates
He received Honorary Doctorates
from the Universities of Howard, Lucknow, Waseda.
Titles
He was addressed as Chacha Nehru
or Uncle Nehru for his fondness of Children and Raja of Roja for his flair of
adoring rose flowers on his coat.
Publications
He
published his An Autobiography – Towards Freedom, Discovery of India, Glimpses
of World history. Letters from a Father to His Daughter.
His
world reknown speech on August 15, 1947 at the Parliament House, New Delhi on
the eve of declaration of Independence of India is titled ‘ A Tryst with Destiny’.
He was the
Chairman of Board of Directors and Editor of National Herald Newspapers,
Lucknow (1938 – 1947)
He edited the newspapers Independent
and National Herald
He was the First President of Sahitya
Akademi or National Academy of Letters of India (1954 – 1964) and President of
Indian Poets, Essayists and Novelists.
Resources
NATIONAL CHILDRENS
DAY
The birth anniversary of Jawaharlal
Nehru is observed annually as National Children’s Day . The Department of Posts,
Government of India has been issuing commemorative postage stamps on children
themes on this day every year since 1957.
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